Bible Encyclopedia: Trumpets

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International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

TRUMPETS, FEAST OF

1. Description:

In Leviticus 23:23-25 the first day (new moon) of the seventh month is set apart as a solemn rest, "a memorial of blowing of trumpets" (the Hebrew leaves "of trumpets" to be understood), signalized further by "a holy convocation," abstinence from work, and the presentation of "an offering made by fire." In Numbers 29:1-6 these directions are repeated, with a detailed specification of the nature of the offering. In addition to the usual daily burnt sacrifices and the special offerings for new moons, there are to be offered one bullock, one ram, and seven he-lambs, with proper meal offerings, together with a he-goat for a sin offering.

2. Significance:

The significance of the feast lay in the fact that it marked the beginning of the new year according to the older calendar. Originally the "revolution" of the year was reckoned in the fall (Exodus 23:16; Exodus 34:22), and the change to the spring never thoroughly displaced the older system. In fact the spring New Year never succeeded in becoming a specially recognized feast, and to Jewish ears "New Year's Day" (ro'sh ha-shanah) invariably signifies an autumnal festival. So the Mishna (Ro'sh ha-shanah, i.1): "There are four periods of commencement of years: On the 1st of Nisan is a new year for kings and for festivals; the 1st of Elul is a new year for the tithe of cattle..... The 1st of Tishri is new year's (day) for the ordinary or civil year, for the computation of 7th years, and of the jubilees; also for the planting of trees, and for herbs. On the 1st of Shebat is the new year for trees."

3. Ritual:

The ritual for the day consequently needs little explanation. All new moons were heralded by trumpeting (Numbers 10:10), and so the custom was of course observed on this feast also. There is nothing in the language of either Leviticus 23 or Numbers 29 to require a prolongation of the music on this special new moon, but its special distinction was no doubt marked by special trumpeting at all times, and at a later period (see below) elaborate rules were laid down for this feature. The additional sacrifices simply involved an increase of those prescribed for new moons (Numbers 28:11-15), without changing their type. Perhaps Psalm 81 was especially written for this feast (compare 81:3).

4. Origin:

Mentions of a special observance of the 1st of Tishri are found also in Ezekiel 45:20 (reading, as is necessary, "first day of seventh month" here for "seventh day") and Nehemiah 8:1-12. In the former passage, the day is kept by offering a bullock as a sin offering and sprinkling its blood in a way that recalls the ritual of the Day of Atonement. In Nehemiah an assembly of the people was held to hear Ezra read the Law. The day was kept as a festival on which mourning was forbidden (Nehemiah 8:9). Apart from these references there is no mention of the feast elsewhere in the Old Testament, and, indeed, there is some reason to think that at one time the 10th, and not the 1st, of Tishri was regarded as the beginning of the year. For Ezekiel 40:1 specifically calls this day ro'sh hashanah, and Leviticus 25:9 specifies it as the opening of the Jubilee year (contrast the Mishna passage, above). Consequently scholars generally are inclined to assign Leviticus 23:23-25 and Numbers 29:1-6 to the latest part of the Pentateuch (Ps). This need not mean that the observance of the 1st (or 10th) of Tishri was late, but only that the final adoption of the day into Israel's official calendar, with a fixed ritual for all Israelites, was delayed. If the original New Year's Day fell on the 10th of Tishri, its displacement ten days earlier was certainly due to the adoption of the 10th for the Day of Atonement. An explanation of the date of the latter feast would be gained by this supposition.

5. Later History:

The instrument to be used in the trumpeting is not specified in the Bible, but Jewish tradition decided in favor of the horn and not the metal trumpet, permitting for synagogue use any kind of horn except a cow's, but for temple use only a straight (antelope's) horn and never a crooked (ram's) horn (Ro'-sh ha-shanah, iii. 2-4). According to iv. 1, when the new year began on a Sabbath the horns were blown only in the temple, but after its destruction they were blown in every synagogue. Every Israelite was obliged to come within hearing distance of the sound (iii.7). In the synagogue liturgy of iv.5-9 (which forms the basis of the modern Jewish practice), four sets of "benedictions" were read, and after each of the last three sets the horn blown nine times. Modern Judaism sees in the signals a call to self-examination and repentance, in view of the approaching Day of Atonement.

See TRUMPET, III, 2, (8).

Burton Scott Easton

Greek

4536. salpigx -- a trumpet
... In the OT, trumpets were used to called , and to announce wrought by Him. That
is, a military clarion that proclaimed on behalf of His people. ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/4536.htm - 7k

Strong's Hebrew

8643. teruah -- a shout or blast of war, alarm, or joy
... Word Origin from rua Definition a shout or blast of war, alarm, or joy NASB Word
Usage alarm (5), battle cry (2), blowing (1), blowing trumpets (1), joy (1 ...
/hebrew/8643.htm - 6k

2689. chatsotsrah -- (an ancient) trumpet
... 2688, 2689. chatsotsrah. 2690 . (an ancient) trumpet. Transliteration: chatsotsrah
Phonetic Spelling: (khats-o-tser-aw') Short Definition: trumpets. ...
/hebrew/2689.htm - 6k

3104. yobel -- a ram, ram's horn (a wind instrument)
... Or yobel {yob-ale'}; apparently from yabal; the blast of a horn (from its continuous
sound); specifically, the signal of the silver trumpets; hence, the ...
/hebrew/3104.htm - 6k

7782. shophar -- a horn (for blowing)
... Word Origin from shaphar Definition a horn (for blowing) NASB Word Usage horn (4),
horns (1), ram's horn (1), trumpet (46), trumpeter* (1), trumpets (19). ...
/hebrew/7782.htm - 6k

2690. chatsar -- to sound a trumpet
... Word Origin denominative verb from chatsotsrah Definition to sound a trumpet NASB
Word Usage blew (2), blew trumpets (1), blowing (1), sounded (1). ...
/hebrew/2690.htm - 6k

Library

The Seven Trumpets.
... EXPOSITION OF THE APOCALYPSE. The Seven Trumpets. "And the seven angels having
seven trumpets prepared themselves to sound.""Rev.8:6. ...
/.../bliss/a brief commentary on the apocalypse/the seven trumpets.htm

Trumpets and Street Corners
... MATTHEW Chaps. I to VIII TRUMPETS AND STREET CORNERS. ... Note that we are not to take
'blowing the trumpets' as actual fact. Nobody would do that in a synagogue. ...
/.../maclaren/expositions of holy scripture a/trumpets and street corners.htm

Of the Three Woe Trumpets.
... A MEMORABLE SENTENCE, Of the Three Woe Trumpets. There still remain three trumpets,
the greatest and most grievous of all, and therefore ...
/.../mede/a key to the apocalypse/of the three woe trumpets.htm

August 18. "The Three Hundred Blew the Trumpets" (Judges vii. 22).
... AUGUST 18. "The three hundred blew the trumpets" (Judges vii. 22). "The
three hundred blew the trumpets" (Judges 7:22). We little ...
/.../simpson/days of heaven upon earth /august 18 the three hundred.htm

The Meaning of the Seventh Seal, that Is, of the Seven Trumpets.
... A MEMORABLE SENTENCE, The Meaning of the Seventh Seal, that is, of the Seven
Trumpets. They were the six first seals, in which the ...
/.../mede/a key to the apocalypse/the meaning of the seventh.htm

So the Two Armies Drew Nigh; the Trumpets Gave the Signal...
... Chap. XLVII. So the two armies drew nigh; the trumpets gave the signal�
So the two armies drew nigh; the trumpets gave the signal ...
/.../of the manner in which the persecutors died/chap xlvii so the two.htm

These Things Being Said by God, While the Trumpets Uttered their ...
... The Sacred History Of Sulpitius Severus. Book I. Chapter XVIII. These things
being said by God, while the trumpets uttered their voices� ...
/.../life and writings of sulpitius severus /chapter xviii these things being.htm

The Cardinal Point of the Synchronisms; Or, the Synchronism
... Of the Seventh Seal, which relates to the first Six Trumpets; with the
Ten-horned and Two-horned Beast, and other contemporary matters. ...
/.../christianbookshelf.org/mede/a key to the apocalypse/i the cardinal point of.htm

Festal Letters.
... Constantinus Cæs. IV; Præfect. Septimius Zenius; Indict. II. Of Fasting, and Trumpets,
and Feasts. Come, my beloved, the season calls us to keep the feast. ...
/.../athanasius/select works and letters or athanasius/i festal letters.htm

The vision
... Company of the Servants of God, or of the elect and faithful Church to be preserved
under the ruins of the Seventh Seal, or of the Trumpets, exhibited under ...
//christianbookshelf.org/mede/a key to the apocalypse/the vision .htm

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Were of a great variety of forms, and were made of divers materials. Some were made of silver (Numbers 10:2), and were used only by the priests in announcing the approach of festivals and in giving signals of war. Some were also made of rams' horns (Joshua 6:8). They were blown at special festivals, and to herald the arrival of special seasons (Leviticus 23:24; 25:9; 1 Chronicles 15:24; 2 Chronicles 29:27; Psalm 81:3; 98:6).

"Trumpets" are among the symbols used in the Book of Revelation (Revelation 1:10; 8:2). (see HORN.)

Trumpets, Feast of

Was celebrated at the beginning of the month Tisri, the first month of the civil year. It received its name from the circumstances that the trumpets usually blown at the commencement of each month were on that occasion blown with unusual solemnity (Leviticus 23:23-25; Numbers 10:10; 29:1-6). It was one of the seven days of holy convocation. The special design of this feast, which is described in these verses, is not known.

Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary

(n. pl.) A plant (Sarracenia flava) with long, hollow leaves.

Thesaurus

Trumpets (52 Occurrences)
... "Trumpets" are among the symbols used in the Book of Revelation (Revelation
1:10; 8:2). (see HORN.). Trumpets, Feast of. ...TRUMPETS, FEAST OF. ...
/t/trumpets.htm - 32k

Blast-trumpets (3 Occurrences)
Blast-trumpets. Blasts, Blast-trumpets. Blastus . Multi-Version
Concordance Blast-trumpets (3 Occurrences). Joshua 6 ...
/b/blast-trumpets.htm - 7k

Alarm-trumpets (1 Occurrence)
Alarm-trumpets. Alarms, Alarm-trumpets. Alas . Multi-Version
Concordance Alarm-trumpets (1 Occurrence). Numbers 31:6 ...
/a/alarm-trumpets.htm - 6k

Blowing (31 Occurrences)
... tree; (See NIV). Revelation 8:6 Then the seven angels who had the seven trumpets
made preparations for blowing them. (WEY). Leviticus 23 ...
/b/blowing.htm - 16k

Blown (30 Occurrences)
... 10:10 And in the day of your gladness, and in your appointed seasons, and in the
beginnings of your months, ye have blown also with the trumpets over your burnt ...
/b/blown.htm - 16k

Blew (37 Occurrences)
... Joshua 6:8 It was so, that when Joshua had spoken to the people, the seven priests
bearing the seven trumpets of rams' horns before Yahweh advanced, and blew ...
/b/blew.htm - 19k

Musical (14 Occurrences)
... 1 Chronicles 16:42 And with them Heman and Jeduthun with trumpets and cymbals for
those that should make a sound, and with musical instruments of God. ...
/m/musical.htm - 12k

Cymbals (15 Occurrences)
... before God with all their might, even with songs, and with harps, and with stringed
instruments, and with tambourines, and with cymbals, and with trumpets. ...
/c/cymbals.htm - 13k

Jars (28 Occurrences)
... Judges 7:8 So he took the jars of the people from their hands, and their trumpets;
and he sent all the rest of Israel every man to his tent, but retained the ...
/j/jars.htm - 14k

Rearguard (3 Occurrences)
... Joshua 6:9 And the armed men went before the priests who blew with the trumpets,
and the rearguard came after the ark; they blew with the trumpets in marching. ...
/r/rearguard.htm - 7k

Bible Concordance

Trumpets (52 Occurrences)

Matthew 6:2 whenever, therefore, thou mayest do kindness, thou mayest not sound a trumpet before thee as the hypocrites do, in the synagogues, and in the streets, that they may have glory from men; verily I say to you -- they have their reward!
(See NIV)

Revelation 8:2 I saw the seven angels who stand before God, and seven trumpets were given to them.
(WEB KJV WEY ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Revelation 8:6 The seven angels who had the seven trumpets prepared themselves to sound.
(WEB KJV WEY ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Revelation 8:13 I saw, and I heard an eagle, flying in mid heaven, saying with a loud voice, "Woe! Woe! Woe for those who dwell on the earth, because of the other voices of the trumpets of the three angels, who are yet to sound!"
(WEB WEY RSV)

Leviticus 23:24 "Speak to the children of Israel, saying,'In the seventh month, on the first day of the month, shall be a solemn rest to you, a memorial of blowing of trumpets, a holy convocation.
(WEB KJV ASV DBY WBS NAS RSV)

Numbers 10:2 "Make two trumpets of silver. You shall make them of beaten work. You shall use them for the calling of the congregation, and for the journeying of the camps.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Numbers 10:7 But when the assembly is to be gathered together, you shall blow, but you shall not sound an alarm.
(See NIV)

Numbers 10:8 "The sons of Aaron, the priests, shall blow the trumpets. This shall be to you for a statute forever throughout your generations.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Numbers 10:9 When you go to war in your land against the adversary who oppresses you, then you shall sound an alarm with the trumpets. Then you will be remembered before Yahweh your God, and you will be saved from your enemies.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Numbers 10:10 "Also in the day of your gladness, and in your set feasts, and in the beginnings of your months, you shall blow the trumpets over your burnt offerings, and over the sacrifices of your peace offerings; and they shall be to you for a memorial before your God. I am Yahweh your God."
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Numbers 29:1 "'In the seventh month, on the first day of the month, you shall have a holy convocation; you shall do no servile work: it is a day of blowing of trumpets to you.
(WEB KJV ASV DBY WBS NAS RSV NIV)

Numbers 31:6 Moses sent them, one thousand of every tribe, to the war, them and Phinehas the son of Eleazar the priest, to the war, with the vessels of the sanctuary and the trumpets for the alarm in his hand.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Joshua 6:4 Seven priests shall bear seven trumpets of rams' horns before the ark. On the seventh day, you shall march around the city seven times, and the priests shall blow the trumpets.
(WEB KJV ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Joshua 6:5 and it hath been, in the prolongation of the horn of the jubilee, in your hearing the voice of the trumpet, all the people shout -- a great shout, and the wall of the city hath fallen under it, and the people have gone up, each over-against him.'
(See NIV)

Joshua 6:6 Joshua the son of Nun called the priests, and said to them, "Take up the ark of the covenant, and let seven priests bear seven trumpets of rams' horns before the ark of Yahweh."
(WEB KJV ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Joshua 6:8 It was so, that when Joshua had spoken to the people, the seven priests bearing the seven trumpets of rams' horns before Yahweh advanced, and blew the trumpets; and the ark of the covenant of Yahweh followed them.
(WEB KJV ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Joshua 6:9 The armed men went before the priests who blew the trumpets, and the ark went after them. The trumpets sounded as they went.
(WEB KJV ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Joshua 6:13 The seven priests bearing the seven trumpets of rams' horns before the ark of Yahweh went on continually, and blew the trumpets: and the armed men went before them. The rear guard came after the ark of Yahweh. The trumpets sounded as they went.
(WEB KJV ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Joshua 6:16 It happened at the seventh time, when the priests blew the trumpets, Joshua said to the people, "Shout, for Yahweh has given you the city!
(WEB KJV ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV)

Joshua 6:20 So the people shouted, and the priests blew the trumpets. It happened, when the people heard the sound of the trumpet, that the people shouted with a great shout, and the wall fell down flat, so that the people went up into the city, every man straight before him, and they took the city.
(WEB KJV ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Judges 7:8 So the people took food in their hand, and their trumpets; and he sent all the men of Israel every man to his tent, but retained the three hundred men: and the camp of Midian was beneath him in the valley.
(WEB KJV ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Judges 7:16 He divided the three hundred men into three companies, and he put into the hands of all of them trumpets, and empty pitchers, with torches within the pitchers.
(WEB ASV DBY YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Judges 7:18 When I blow the trumpet, I and all who are with me, then blow the trumpets also on every side of all the camp, and shout,'For Yahweh and for Gideon!'"
(WEB KJV ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Judges 7:19 So Gideon, and the hundred men who were with him, came to the outermost part of the camp in the beginning of the middle watch, when they had but newly set the watch: and they blew the trumpets, and broke in pieces the pitchers that were in their hands.
(WEB KJV ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Judges 7:20 The three companies blew the trumpets, and broke the pitchers, and held the torches in their left hands, and the trumpets in their right hands with which to blow; and they shouted, "The sword of Yahweh and of Gideon!"
(WEB KJV ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Judges 7:22 They blew the three hundred trumpets, and Yahweh set every man's sword against his fellow, and against all the army; and the army fled as far as Beth Shittah toward Zererah, as far as the border of Abel Meholah, by Tabbath.
(WEB KJV ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

2 Samuel 6:15 and David and all the house of Israel are bringing up the ark of Jehovah with shouting, and with the voice of a trumpet,
(See NIV)

2 Samuel 15:10 and Absalom sendeth spies through all the tribes of Israel, saying, 'At your hearing the voice of the trumpet, then ye have said, Absalom hath reigned in Hebron.'
(See NIV)

2 Kings 9:13 Then they hasted, and took every man his garment, and put it under him on the top of the stairs, and blew with trumpets, saying, Jehu is king.
(KJV DBY WBS)

2 Kings 12:13 But there were not made for the house of Yahweh cups of silver, snuffers, basins, trumpets, any vessels of gold, or vessels of silver, of the money that was brought into the house of Yahweh;
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

1 Chronicles 13:8 David and all Israel played before God with all their might, even with songs, and with harps, and with stringed instruments, and with tambourines, and with cymbals, and with trumpets.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

1 Chronicles 15:24 Shebaniah, and Joshaphat, and Nethanel, and Amasai, and Zechariah, and Benaiah, and Eliezer, the priests, did blow the trumpets before the ark of God: and Obed-Edom and Jehiah were doorkeepers for the ark.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

1 Chronicles 15:28 Thus all Israel brought up the ark of the covenant of Yahweh with shouting, and with sound of the cornet, and with trumpets, and with cymbals, sounding aloud with stringed instruments and harps.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

1 Chronicles 16:6 and Benaiah and Jahaziel the priests with trumpets continually, before the ark of the covenant of God.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

1 Chronicles 16:42 and with them Heman and Jeduthun with trumpets and cymbals for those that should sound aloud, and with instruments for the songs of God; and the sons of Jeduthun to be at the gate.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

2 Chronicles 5:12 also the Levites who were the singers, all of them, even Asaph, Heman, Jeduthun, and their sons and their brothers, arrayed in fine linen, with cymbals and stringed instruments and harps, stood at the east end of the altar, and with them one hundred twenty priests sounding with trumpets;)
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS NIV)

2 Chronicles 5:13 it happened, when the trumpeters and singers were as one, to make one sound to be heard in praising and thanking Yahweh; and when they lifted up their voice with the trumpets and cymbals and instruments of music, and praised Yahweh, saying, For he is good; for his loving kindness endures forever; that then the house was filled with a cloud, even the house of Yahweh,
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

2 Chronicles 7:6 The priests stood, according to their offices; the Levites also with instruments of music of Yahweh, which David the king had made to give thanks to Yahweh, (for his loving kindness endures for ever), when David praised by their ministry: and the priests sounded trumpets before them; and all Israel stood.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

2 Chronicles 13:12 Behold, God is with us at our head, and his priests with the trumpets of alarm to sound an alarm against you. Children of Israel, don't you fight against Yahweh, the God of your fathers; for you shall not prosper.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

2 Chronicles 13:14 When Judah looked back, behold, the battle was before and behind them; and they cried to Yahweh, and the priests sounded with the trumpets.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

2 Chronicles 15:14 They swore to Yahweh with a loud voice, and with shouting, and with trumpets, and with cornets.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

2 Chronicles 20:28 They came to Jerusalem with stringed instruments and harps and trumpets to the house of Yahweh.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

2 Chronicles 23:13 and she looked, and, behold, the king stood by his pillar at the entrance, and the captains and the trumpets by the king; and all the people of the land rejoiced, and blew trumpets; the singers also played on instruments of music, and led the singing of praise. Then Athaliah tore her clothes, and said, Treason! treason!
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

2 Chronicles 29:26 The Levites stood with the instruments of David, and the priests with the trumpets.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

2 Chronicles 29:27 Hezekiah commanded to offer the burnt offering on the altar. When the burnt offering began, the song of Yahweh began also, and the trumpets, together with the instruments of David king of Israel.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

2 Chronicles 29:28 And all the congregation prostrated themselves, and the singers sang, and the trumpeters sounded; all this continued until the burnt-offering was finished.
(See NAS)

Ezra 3:10 When the builders laid the foundation of the temple of Yahweh, they set the priests in their clothing with trumpets, and the Levites the sons of Asaph with cymbals, to praise Yahweh, after the order of David king of Israel.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Nehemiah 12:35 and certain of the priests' sons with trumpets: Zechariah the son of Jonathan, the son of Shemaiah, the son of Mattaniah, the son of Micaiah, the son of Zaccur, the son of Asaph;
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Nehemiah 12:41 and the priests, Eliakim, Maaseiah, Miniamin, Micaiah, Elioenai, Zechariah, and Hananiah, with trumpets;
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Job 39:25 He saith among the trumpets, Ha, ha; and he smelleth the battle afar off, the thunder of the captains, and the shouting.
(KJV DBY WBS YLT)

Psalms 47:5 God hath gone up with a shout, Jehovah with the sound of a trumpet.
(See NIV)

Psalms 98:6 With trumpets and sound of the ram's horn, make a joyful noise before the King, Yahweh.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Subtopics

Trumpets

Trumpets: Feast of Celebrated After the Captivity With Joy

Trumpets: Feast of when and How Observed

Related Terms

Blast-trumpets (3 Occurrences)

Alarm-trumpets (1 Occurrence)

Blowing (31 Occurrences)

Blown (30 Occurrences)