Bible Encyclopedia: Temperate

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International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

TEMPERANCE; TEMPERATE

tem'-per-ans; tem'-per-at (egkrateia), (egkrates, nephalios, sophron): the American Standard Revised Version departs from the King James Version and the English Revised Version by translating egkrateia "self-control" (Acts 24:25 Galatians 5:23 2 Peter 1:6 1 Corinthians 9:25), following the English Revised Version margin in several of these passages. This meaning is in accordance with classical usage, Plato applying it to "mastery" not only of self, but of any object denoted by a genitive following. Septuagint applies it to the possession "of strongholds" (2 Maccabees 8:30; 10:15), "of a position" (2 Maccabees 10:17), "of the city" (2 Maccabees 13:13), "of wisdom" (Sirach 6:27). The reflexive meaning of "self-mastery," "self-restraint," is equally well established in the classics and Septuagint. Thus, in the verbal form, it is found in Genesis 43:31, for the self-restraint exercised by Joseph in the presence of his brethren, when they appeared before him as suppliants, and in 1 Samuel 13:12, where Saul professes that he "forced" himself to do what was contrary to his desire. For patristic use of the term, see illustrations in Suicer's Thesaurus Ecclesiasticus, I, 1000;. Clement of Alexandria: "Not abstaining from all things, but using continently such things as one has judged should be used"; "such things as do not seem beyond right reason." Basil: "To avoid excess on both sides, so as neither by luxury to be confused, nor, by becoming sickly, to be disabled from doing what has been commanded." Chrysostom (on 1 Timothy 1:8) applies it to "one mastering passion of tongue, hand and unbridled eyes." Ellicott and Eadie (on Galatians 5:23) quote Diogenes Laertius to the effect that the word refers to "control over the stronger passions." In 1 Corinthians 9:25, Paul illustrates it by the training of an athlete, whose regimen is not only described in the Ars Poetica of Horace (412;), and in Epictetus (quoted in Alford on this passage), but can be learned of the many devotees and admirers of similar pursuits today.

The principle involved is that of the concentration of all man's powers and capabilities upon the one end of doing God's will, in and through whatever calling God appoints, and the renunciation of everything either wholly or to whatever degree necessary, however innocent or useful it may be in its proper place, that interferes with one's highest efficiency in this calling (1 Corinthians 10:31). Not limited to abstinence, it is rather the power and decision to abstain with reference to some fixed end, and the use of the impulses of physical, as servants for the moral, life. It does not refer to any one class of objects that meets us, but to all; to what concerns speech and judgment, as well as to what appeals to sense. It is properly an inner spiritual virtue, working into the outward life, incapable of being counterfeited or replaced by any abstinence limited to that which is external (Augsburg Confession, Articles XXVI, XXVII). When its absence, however, is referred to as sin, the negative is generally more prominent than the positive side of temperance. The reference in Acts 24:25 is to chastity, and in 1 Corinthians 7:9, as the context shows, to the inner side of chastity. In 1 Timothy 3:2, 11 Titus 2:2, the word nephalios has its original meaning as the opposite to "drunken" (see SOBRIETY; DRINK, STRONG). See also the treatises on ethics by Luthardt (both the Compendium and the History), Martensen, Koestlin and Haring on temperance, asceticism, continence.

H. E. Jacobs

Greek

4993. sophroneo -- to be of sound mind, ie to be temperate
... to be of sound mind, ie to be temperate. Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration:
sophroneo Phonetic Spelling: (so-fron-eh'-o) Short Definition: I am sober-minded ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/4993.htm - 7k

4998. sophron -- of sound mind, self-controlled
... self-controlled. Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: sophron Phonetic Spelling:
(so'-frone) Short Definition: self-controlled, temperate Definition: of ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/4998.htm - 8k

3524. nephalios -- sober
... sober. Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: nephalios Phonetic Spelling:
(nay-fal'-eh-os) Short Definition: sober, temperate Definition: sober, not ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/3524.htm - 7k

1467. egkrateuomai -- to exercise self-control
... contain, be temperate. Middle voice from egkrates; to exercise self-restraint (in
diet and chastity) -- can(-not) contain, be temperate. see GREEK egkrates. ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/1467.htm - 7k

1468. egkrates -- strong, master of, self-controlled
... temperate. From en and kratos; strong in a thing (masterful), ie (figuratively and
reflexively) self-controlled (in appetite, etc.) -- temperate. see GREEK en. ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/1468.htm - 7k

Library

An Example of the Temperate Style is the Celebrated Encomium on ...
... Book 4 Chapter 47. An example of the temperate style is the celebrated
encomium on virginity from Cyprian� 47. An example of the ...
/.../augustine/on christian doctrine in four books/chapter 47 an example of.htm

Sirach's Prayer for a Happy and Temperate Life.
... Prayer and the Christian Life. SIRACH'S PRAYER FOR A HAPPY AND TEMPERATE
LIFE. Creator, Father, Prince of might! Who life to me ...
/.../gerhardt/paul gerhardts spiritual songs/sirachs prayer for a happy.htm

Ambrose Also Uses the Temperate and Ornamented Style when He is ...
... Book 4 Chapter 48. Ambrose also uses the temperate and ornamented style
when he is holding up before� 48. Ambrose also uses the ...
/.../augustine/on christian doctrine in four books/chapter 48 ambrose also uses.htm

Eloquence of the Temperate Style, Also, Must, in the Case of the ...
... Book 4 Chapter 57. Eloquence of the temperate style, also, must, in the case
of the Christian orator� 57. Eloquence of the temperate ...
/.../augustine/on christian doctrine in four books/chapter 57 eloquence of the.htm

How the Temperate Style is to be Used.
... Book IV. Chapter 25."How the Temperate Style is to Be Used. 55. From
all this we may conclude, that the end arrived at by the ...
/.../on christian doctrine in four books /chapter 25 how the temperate style.htm

In the Following Words of the Apostle we have the Temperate Style. ...
... Book 4 Chapter 40. In the following words of the apostle we have the
temperate style� 40. In the following words of the apostle ...
/.../augustine/on christian doctrine in four books/chapter 40 in the following.htm

The Majestic Style of Speech Differs from the Temperate Style Just ...
... Book 4 Chapter 42. The majestic style of speech differs from the temperate
style just spoken of� 42. The majestic style of speech ...
/.../augustine/on christian doctrine in four books/chapter 42 the majestic style.htm

Whether the Rule of Temperance Depends on the Need of the Present ...
... 21): "In both Testaments the temperate man finds confirmation of the rule forbidding
him to love the things of this life, or to deem any of them desirable for ...
/.../aquinas/summa theologica/whether the rule of temperance.htm

Several Other Things Turned against the Same Mathematicians.
... If the temperate are better than the incontinent, and incontinence is abominable
to them, and God rejoices in temperance, being free from the knowledge of ...
/.../chapter xvi several other things turned.htm

How the Various Styles Should be Mingled.
... used. In the majestic style, for instance, it is always, or almost always,
desirable that the introduction should be temperate. ...
/.../on christian doctrine in four books /chapter 23 how the various styles.htm

Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary

1. (v. t.) Moderate; not excessive; as, temperate heat; a temperate climate.

2. (v. t.) Not marked with passion; not violent; cool; calm; as, temperate language.

3. (v. t.) Moderate in the indulgence of the natural appetites or passions; as, temperate in eating and drinking.

4. (v. t.) Proceeding from temperance.

5. (v. t.) To render temperate; to moderate; to soften; to temper.

Thesaurus

Temperate (6 Occurrences)
... 1. (vt) Moderate; not excessive; as, temperate heat; a temperate climate. 2. (vt)
Not marked with passion; not violent; cool; calm; as, temperate language. ...
/t/temperate.htm - 12k

Sober-minded (9 Occurrences)
... 1 Timothy 3:2 A minister then must be a man of irreproachable character, true to
his one wife, temperate, sober-minded, well-behaved, hospitable to strangers ...
/s/sober-minded.htm - 9k

Dignified (4 Occurrences)
... 1 Timothy 3:2 The overseer therefore must be without reproach, the husband of one
wife, temperate, sensible, modest, hospitable, good at teaching; (See RSV). ...
/d/dignified.htm - 7k

Sober (18 Occurrences)
... Noah Webster's Dictionary 1. (superl.) Temperate in the use of spirituous
liquors; habitually temperate; as, a sober man. 2. (superl ...
/s/sober.htm - 12k

Temperance (3 Occurrences)
... sedateness. 3. (vt) State with regard to heat or cold; temperature. Int.
Standard Bible Encyclopedia. TEMPERANCE; TEMPERATE. tem'-per ...
/t/temperance.htm - 12k

Continency (1 Occurrence)
... in complete subjection to Christian motives (1 Corinthians 7:9). The same Greek
verb is used in 1 Corinthians 9:25, and translated "is temperate" (the King ...
/c/continency.htm - 8k

Sensible (15 Occurrences)
... 1 Timothy 3:2 The overseer therefore must be without reproach, the husband of one
wife, temperate, sensible, modest, hospitable, good at teaching; (WEB RSV). ...
/s/sensible.htm - 11k

Minded (36 Occurrences)
... Titus 2:2 that older men should be temperate, sensible, sober minded, sound
in faith, in love, and in patience: (WEB WEY ASV). Titus ...
/m/minded.htm - 16k

Tempered (7 Occurrences)

/t/tempered.htm - 8k

Worthy (92 Occurrences)
... 1 Timothy 3:11 Deaconesses, in the same way, must be sober-minded women, not slanderers,
but in every way temperate and trustworthy. (Root in WEY NIV). ...
/w/worthy.htm - 35k

Bible Concordance

Temperate (6 Occurrences)

1 Corinthians 9:25 And every man that striveth for the mastery is temperate in all things. Now they do it to obtain a corruptible crown; but we an incorruptible.
(KJV DBY WBS YLT)

1 Timothy 3:2 The overseer therefore must be without reproach, the husband of one wife, temperate, sensible, modest, hospitable, good at teaching;
(WEB WEY ASV NAS RSV NIV)

1 Timothy 3:11 Their wives in the same way must be reverent, not slanderers, temperate, faithful in all things.
(WEB WEY ASV NAS RSV NIV)

Titus 1:8 But a lover of hospitality, a lover of good men, sober, just, holy, temperate;
(KJV DBY WBS)

Titus 2:2 that older men should be temperate, sensible, sober minded, sound in faith, in love, and in patience:
(WEB KJV WEY ASV WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

1 Peter 4:7 But the end of all things is now close at hand: therefore be sober-minded and temperate, so that you may give yourselves to prayer.
(WEY)

Subtopics

Temperate

Related Terms

Sober-minded (9 Occurrences)

Dignified (4 Occurrences)

Sober (18 Occurrences)

Temperance (3 Occurrences)

Continency (1 Occurrence)