STRAW; STUBBLE

stro, stub'-'-l: The cognates of Hebrew tebhen, "straw" and qash, "stubble," have been retained in the modern Arabic terms tibn and qashsh. Tibn applies to the straw which has been cut up into short pieces and more or less split by the threshing operations. It is commonly used throughout the East as a coarse fodder or roughage for domestic herbivorous animals (compare Genesis 24:25, 32 Judges 19:19 1 Kings 4:28; Isaiah 11:7; Isaiah 65:25). Hay and similar cured crops are practically unknown. Barley, peas and other grain, when fed to animals, are mixed with the tibn. The animals will frequently reject the tibn unless there is grain in it. They often nose about the tibn until the grain settles to the bottom so that they can eat the latter without the straw. Straw left in the manger is thrown out in the stall to form part of the bedding (compare Isaiah 25:10).

Tibn is mixed with clay for plastering walls or for making sun-dried bricks. It is also mixed with lime and sand for plastering. The children of Israel had their task of brickmaking made more arduous by being required to gather stubble and prepare it by chopping it up instead of being given the already prepared straw of the threshing-floors (Exodus 5:7).

Qashsh (literally, "dried up") refers to the stalks left standing in the wheat fields or to any dried-up stalks or stems such as are gathered for burning. Camels and other flocks sometimes supplement their regular meals by grazing on the stubble, otherwise it has no use. In the Bible stubble is used to typify worthless inflammable material (Exodus 15:7 Job 13:25; Job 41:28, 29 Psalm 83:13 Isaiah 5:24, etc.; 1 Corinthians 3:12, kalame).

mathben, is translated "straw" in Isaiah 25:10.

James A. Patch

STUBBLE

stub'-'-l (qash (Exodus 5:12, etc.); kalame (The Wisdom of Solomon 3:7; 1 Corinthians 3:12)): These Hebrew and Greek forms are used of the stalks of wheat, etc., left knee-high in the field by the reapers. tebhen (Job 21:18), is a mixture of chopped straw and chaff produced in threshing, which is winnowed out by the fan (compare Jeremiah 23:28 Isaiah 5:24 Matthew 3:12). When tebhen was withheld from them the Israelites had to utilize qash for the manufacture of their bricks (Exodus 5:12).