Bible Encyclopedia: Shishak

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International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

SHISHAK

shi'-shak (shishaq (1 Kings 14:25); Sousakeim):

1. Shishak, 952-930 B.C.:

Sheshonk or Sheshenq I, as he is called on the monuments, the founder of the XXIInd Dynasty, was in all probability of Libyan origin. It is possible that his claim to the throne was that of the sword, but it is more likely that he acquired it by marriage with a princess of the dynasty preceding. On the death of Pasebkhanu II, the last of the kings of the XXIst Dynasty, 952 B.C., Shishak ascended the throne, with an efficient army and a well-filled treasury at his command. He was a warlike prince and cherished dreams of Asiatic dominion.

2. Patron of Jeroboam:

He had not long been seated on the throne when Jeroboam the son of Nebat, of the tribe of Ephraim, whom Solomon had promoted but afterward had cause to suspect, fled from the displeasure of his sovereign to the court of Shishak (1 Kings 11:26). There Jeroboam remained till the death of Solomon, when he returned to Canaan, and, on Rehoboam's returning an unsatisfactory answer to the people's demands for relief from their burdens, headed the revolt of the Ten Tribes, over whom he was chosen king with his capital at Shechem (1 Kings 12:25). Whether there was not in the XXIst Dynasty some kind of suzerainty of Egypt over Palestine, when Solomon married Pharaoh's daughter and received with her Gezer as a dowry, seems not to be clearly established. It is, however, natural that Jeroboam's patron in the day of adversity should take sides with him against Rehoboam, now that the kingdom was divided. Active support of Jeroboam would be in the line of his dreams of an eastern empire.

3. Syrian Campaign:

So it came to pass that in the 5th year of Rehoboam, Shishak came up against Jerusalem with 1,200 chariots, and 60,000 horsemen, and people without number out of Egypt, the Libyans, Sukkiim, and Ethiopians, and took the fenced cities of Judah, and came to Jerusalem. At the preaching of the prophet Shemaiah, Rehoboam and his people repented, and Jerusalem was saved from destruction, though not from plunder nor from servitude, for he became Shishak's servant (2 Chronicles 12:8). Shishak took away the treasures of the house of the Lord and the treasures of the king's house, carrying off among the most precious of the spoils all the shields of gold which Solomon had made (1 Kings 14:25 2 Chronicles 12:1-9). From the Scripture narrative it does not appear that there was any occupation of Palestine by the Egyptian forces on this occasion.

4. Shishak's Record at Karnak:

There is, however, a remarkable contemporary record of the campaign engraved on the south wall of the Temple of Amon at Karnak by Shishak himself. Not only is the expedition recorded, but there is a list of districts and towns of Palestine granted to his victories by Amon-Ra and the goddess of Thebes engraved there. A number of towns mentioned in the Book of Joshua have been identified; and among the names of the list are Rabbath, Taanach, Gibeon, Mahanaim, Beth-horon and other towns both of Israel and Judah. That names of places in the Northem Kingdom are mentioned in the list does not imply that Shishak had directed his armies against Jeroboam and plundered his territories. It was the custom in antiquity for a victorious monarch to include among conquered cities any place that paid tribute or was under subjection, whether captured in war or not; and it was sufficient reason for Shishak to include these Israelite places that Jeroboam, as seems probable, had invited him to come to his aid. Among the names in the list was "Jud-hamalek"-Yudhmalk on the monuments-which was at first believed to represent the king of Judah, with a figure which passed for Rehoboam. Being, however, a place-name, it is now recognized to be the town Yehudah, belonging to the king. On the death of Shishak his successor assumed a nominal suzerainty over the land of Canaan.

LITERATURE.

Flinders Petrie, History of Egypt, III, 227;; Maspero, Struggle of the Nations, 772;; Nicol, Recent Archaeology and the Bible, 222-25.

T. Nicol

Strong's Hebrew

7895. Shishaq -- an Eg. king
... Shishaq. 7896 . an Eg. king. Transliteration: Shishaq Phonetic Spelling:
(shee-shak') Short Definition: Shishak. ... king NASB Word Usage Shishak (7). Shishak. ...
/hebrew/7895.htm - 5k

5525. Sukkiyyim -- Sukkiims
... Definition: Sukkiim. Word Origin from an unused name, people in the army
of Shishak NASB Word Usage Sukkiim (1). Sukkiims. Patrial ...
/hebrew/5525.htm - 6k

Library

Concerning Rehoboam, and How God Inflicted Punishment Upon Him for ...
... Ahab. CHAPTER 10. Concerning Rehoboam, And How God Inflicted Punishment
Upon Him For His Impiety By Shishak [King Of Egypt]. 1. Now ...
/.../josephus/the antiquities of the jews/chapter 10 concerning rehoboam and.htm

The Kingdom Op Judah.
... and Benjamin to subdue the revolt, Shemaiah the prophet was sent to forbid him,
and he submitted at once; and when again Jeroboam's friend Shishak invaded his ...
//christianbookshelf.org/yonge/the chosen people/lesson vii the kingdom op.htm

The Rending of the Kingdom
... God did not allow the apostasy of Judah's ruler to remain unpunished. "In the fifth
year of King Rehoboam Shishak king of Egypt came up against Jerusalem ...
/.../white/the story of prophets and kings/chapter 6 the rending of.htm

The New Garment Bent
... Solomon sought therefore to kill Jeroboam. And Jeroboam arose, and fled into Egypt,
unto Shishak king of Egypt, and was in Egypt until the death of Solomon.41. ...
/.../maclaren/expositions of holy scripture f/the new garment bent.htm

The Acceptable Sacrifice;
... When Shishak, king of Egypt, with a great host, came up against Judah, and having
taken their frontier fenced cities, they sat down before Jerusalem, which put ...
/.../bunyan/the works of john bunyan volumes 1-3/the acceptable sacrifice.htm

Egypt
... It was restored by a foreigner, Shishak I., the captain of the Libyan
mercenaries. ... Shishak had no need of Israelitish alliances. ...
/.../sayce/early israel and the surrounding nations/chapter v egypt.htm

The Hebrews and the Philistines --Damascus
... THE PHILISTINES AND THE HEBREW KINGDOM"SAUL, DAVID, SOLOMON, THE DEFECTION OF THE
TEN TRIBES"THE XXIst EGYPTIAN DYNASTY"SHESHONQ OR SHISHAK DAMASCUS. ...
/.../chapter iiithe hebrews and the.htm

Conclusion
... king of Judah as a separate kingdom had an Ammonite mother, and bore an Ammonite
name, while the portraits which surmount the names of Shishak's conquests in ...
/.../sayce/early israel and the surrounding nations/chapter vii conclusion.htm

Chapter i.
... Shashanq, the Shishak of 1 Kings 14:25 f., 2 Chronicles 12:2 f., who invaded Palestine
[9] in the tenth century BC, may have carried into Egypt captives or ...
/.../an introduction to the old testament in greek additional notes/chapter i.htm

That Whereas the City of Jerusalem had Been Five Times Taken ...
... It had been taken five [34] times before, though this was the second time of its
desolation; for Shishak, the king of Egypt, and after him Antiochus, and after ...
/.../chapter 10 that whereas the.htm

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

Shishak

present of the bag; of the pot; of the thigh

Smith's Bible Dictionary

Shishak

king of Egypt, the Sheshonk I. of the monuments, first sovereign of the Bubastite twenty-second dynasty. His reign offers the first determined syncronism of Egyptian and hebrew history. The first year of Shishak would about correspond to the 26th of Solomon (B.C. 989), and the 20th of shishak to the 5th of Rehoboam. Shishak at the beginning of his reign received the fugitive Jeroboam, (1 Kings 11:40) and it was probably at the instigation of Jeroboam that he attacked Rehoboam. "He took the fenced cities which [pertained] to Judah, and came to Jerusalem." he exacted all the treasures of his city from Rehoboam, and apparently made him tributary. (1 Kings 14:25,26; 2 Chronicles 12:2-9) Shishak has left a record of this expedition sculptured on the wall of the great temple of El-Karnak. It is a list of the countries, cities and tribes conquered or ruled by him, or tributary to him.

ATS Bible Dictionary

Shishak

A king of Egypt, who declared war against Rehoboam king of Judah in the fifth year of his reign. He entered Judah, B. C. 971, with an innumerable multitude of people out of Egypt, the countries of Lubim, of Suchim, and of Cush, captured the strongest places in the country, and carried away from Jerusalem the treasures of the Lord's house and of the king's palace, as well as the golden bucklers of Solomon.

Jeroboam having secured the friendship of Shishak, his territories were not invaded, 1 Kings 11:40 14:25,26 2 Chronicles 12:2-9. Shishak is generally believed to have been the Sesonchis of secular history, the first king of the twenty-second or Budastine line. He dethroned the dynasty into which Solomon married, 1 Kings 3:1, and made many foreign conquests. In the palace-temple of Karnak in Egypt, the walls of which are yet standing, Sesonchis is represented in a large basrelief, dragging captive kings in triumph before the three chief Theban gods. Each country or city is personified, and its name written in an oval above it. One of these figures, with Jewish features, has an inscription, which Campollion interprets, "kingdom of Judah." Several other symbols are thought to denote as many walled towns of Judah, captured by Shishak. See PHARAOH.

Easton's Bible Dictionary

=Sheshonk I., king of Egypt. His reign was one of great national success, and a record of his wars and conquests adorns the portico of what are called the "Bubastite kings" at Karnak, the ancient Thebes. Among these conquests is a record of that of Judea.

Thesaurus

Shishak (6 Occurrences)
... ancient Thebes. Among these conquests is a record of that of Judea. Int.
Standard Bible Encyclopedia. SHISHAK. shi'-shak (shishaq ...
/s/shishak.htm - 13k

Shemai'ah (38 Occurrences)
... 2 Chronicles 12:5 Now Shemaiah the prophet came to Rehoboam, and to the princes
of Judah, that were gathered together to Jerusalem because of Shishak, and said ...
/s/shemai'ah.htm - 16k

Rehobo'am (42 Occurrences)
... (See RSV). 1 Kings 14:25 And it came to pass in the fifth year of king Rehoboam,
that Shishak king of Egypt came up against Jerusalem; (See RSV). ...
/r/rehobo'am.htm - 18k

Shemaiah (40 Occurrences)
... however, is not taken very seriously, because of its numerous inconsistencies.)
Shemaiah also prophesied at the invasion of Judah by Shishak (2 Chronicles 12:5 ...
/s/shemaiah.htm - 29k

Rehoboam (42 Occurrences)
... In the fifth year of Rehoboam's reign, Shishak (qv), one of the kings of Egypt of
the Assyrian dynasty, stirred up, no doubt, by Jeroboam his son-in-law, made ...
/r/rehoboam.htm - 34k

Beth-horon (12 Occurrences)
... Beth-horon is mentioned as having been taken by Shishak, BC 945, in the list of
his conquests, and the pass was the scene of a victory of Judas Maccabeus. ...
/b/beth-horon.htm - 30k

Bethhoron (12 Occurrences)
... Beth-horon is mentioned as having been taken by Shishak, BC 945, in the list of
his conquests, and the pass was the scene of a victory of Judas Maccabeus. ...
/b/bethhoron.htm - 30k

Abandon (31 Occurrences)
... 2 Chronicles 12:5 Now Shemaiah the prophet came to Rehoboam, and to the princes
of Judah, who were gathered together to Jerusalem because of Shishak, and said ...
/a/abandon.htm - 15k

Abandoned (45 Occurrences)
... 2 Chronicles 12:5 Now Shemaiah the prophet came to Rehoboam, and to the princes
of Judah, who were gathered together to Jerusalem because of Shishak, and said ...
/a/abandoned.htm - 19k

Jeroboam (96 Occurrences)
... ten tribes; but these having been discovered, he fled to Egypt (1 Kings 11:29-40),
where he remained for a length of time under the protection of Shishak I. On ...
/j/jeroboam.htm - 62k

Bible Concordance

Shishak (6 Occurrences)

1 Kings 11:40 Solomon sought therefore to kill Jeroboam; but Jeroboam arose, and fled into Egypt, to Shishak king of Egypt, and was in Egypt until the death of Solomon.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

1 Kings 14:25 It happened in the fifth year of king Rehoboam, that Shishak king of Egypt came up against Jerusalem;
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

2 Chronicles 12:2 It happened in the fifth year of king Rehoboam, that Shishak king of Egypt came up against Jerusalem, because they had trespassed against Yahweh,
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

2 Chronicles 12:5 Now Shemaiah the prophet came to Rehoboam, and to the princes of Judah, who were gathered together to Jerusalem because of Shishak, and said to them, Thus says Yahweh, You have forsaken me, therefore have I also left you in the hand of Shishak.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

2 Chronicles 12:7 When Yahweh saw that they humbled themselves, the word of Yahweh came to Shemaiah, saying, They have humbled themselves: I will not destroy them; but I will grant them some deliverance, and my wrath shall not be poured out on Jerusalem by the hand of Shishak.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

2 Chronicles 12:9 So Shishak king of Egypt came up against Jerusalem, and took away the treasures of the house of Yahweh, and the treasures of the king's house: he took all away: he took away also the shields of gold which Solomon had made.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Subtopics

Shishak

Shishak: Gives Asylum to Jeroboam

Shishak: Plunders Jerusalem

Related Terms

Shemai'ah (38 Occurrences)

Rehobo'am (42 Occurrences)

Shemaiah (40 Occurrences)

Rehoboam (42 Occurrences)

Beth-horon (12 Occurrences)

Bethhoron (12 Occurrences)

Abandon (31 Occurrences)