SHADE; SHADOW; SHADOWING

shad, shad'-o, shad'-o-ing (tsel; skia): A shadow is any obscuration of the light and heat with the form of the intervening object, obscurely projected, constantly changing and passing away. "Shadow" is used literally of a roof (Genesis 19:8), of mountains (Judges 9:36), of trees (Judges 9:15, etc.), of wings (Psalm 17:8, etc.), of a cloud (Isaiah 25:5), of a great rock (Isaiah 32:2), of a man (Peter, Acts 5:15), of the shadow on the dial (2 Kings 20:9, etc.), of Jonah's gourd (Jonah 4:5 f). It is used also figuratively

(1) of shelter and protection (of man, Genesis 19:8 Songs 2:3 Isaiah 16:3, etc.; of God, Psalm 36:7; Psalm 91:1 Isaiah 4:6, etc.);

(2) of anything fleeting or transient, as of the days of man's life on earth (1 Chronicles 29:15 Job 8:9 Psalm 109:23);

(3) with the idea of obscurity or imperfection (in Hebrews 8:5; Hebrews 10:1, of the Law; compare Colossians 2:17);

(4) of darkness, gloom; see SHADOW OF DEATH.

In James 1:17, we have in the King James Version, "the Father of lights, with whom is no variableness, neither shadow of turning" (aposkiasma); the Revised Version (British and American) "shadow that is cast by turning"; the reference is to the unchangeableness of God as contrasted with the changes of the heavenly bodies. the Revised Version (British and American) has "of the rustling of wings" for "shadowing with wings" in Isaiah 18:1; the American Standard Revised Version has "shade" for "shadow" in various places (Judges 9:15 Job 40:22 Isaiah 4:6, etc.). In Job 40:21, 22, for "shady trees" the Revised Version (British and American) has "lotus-trees."

W. L. Walker

SHADOW OF DEATH

(tsalmaweth): The Hebrew word translated "shadow of death" is used poetically for thick darkness (Job 3:5), as descriptive of Sheol (Job 10:21; Job 12:22; Job 38:17); figuratively of deep distress (Job 12:22; Job 16:16; Job 24:17; Job 28:3; Job 34:22 (in the last three passages the American Standard Revised Version has "thick darkness" and "thick gloom"); Psalm 23:4, the Revised Version margin "deep darkness (and so elsewhere)"; 44:19:00; 107:10, 14; Isaiah 9:2 Jeremiah 2:6; Jeremiah 13:16 Amos 5:8 Matthew 4:16 Luke 1:79, skia thanatou). The Hebrew word is perhaps composed of tsel, "shadow," and maweth, "death," and the idea of "the valley of the shadow of death" was most probably derived from the deep ravines, darkened by over-hanging briars, etc., through which the shepherd had sometimes to lead or drive his sheep to new and better pastures.

W. L. Walker